you should first test it with pbx direktly in the network with the fritz.box, beneath firewall configuration, application controll or sip alg could block/alter your traffic and causing the problem. Also fritz.box quickly throws hosts that try to register into a blacklist (for 15minutes i think) when wrong credentials were used. additional (and i think also correct) attempts exceed this period, so you should either set register+qualify to no for 15 minutes or restart the fritz.box.
Interesting. With a new VM it has been worked without problems in the network of the FritzBox and in the LAN of the pfSense.
So I’ve changed the network type from VirtIO to Realteak without success. Then I’ve recreated the configuration and for now it seems to be working. Very strange